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Line 48: |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border=" cellpadding="3" 1" | | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border=" cellpadding="3" 1" |
| ! rowspan="2" | | | ! rowspan="2" | |
− | !Front | + | ![[Diphthongs#Front|Front]] |
− | ! colspan="2" |Back | + | ! colspan="2" |[[Diphthongs#Back|Back]] |
| |- | | |- |
| !Vɪ̯ | | !Vɪ̯ |
Line 57: |
Line 57: |
| ! align="left" |High | | ! align="left" |High |
| | | | | |
− | | rowspan="2" align="center" |oi /ʊɪ̯/ | + | | rowspan="2" align="center" |[[Diphthongs#oi .2F.CA.8A.C9.AA.CC.AF.2F|oi /ʊɪ̯/]] |
| | align="center" | | | | align="center" | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! align="left" |Mid | | ! align="left" |Mid |
− | |ei /eɪ̯/ | + | |[[Diphthongs#ei .2Fe.C9.AA.CC.AF.2F|ei /eɪ̯/]] |
| | align="center" | | | | align="center" | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! align="left" |Low | | ! align="left" |Low |
| | | | | |
− | |ai /ɑɪ̯/ | + | |[[Diphthongs#ai .2F.C9.91.C9.AA.CC.AF.2F|ai /ɑɪ̯/]] |
− | |ao /ɑo̯/ | + | |[[Diphthongs#ao .2F.C9.91o.CC.AF.2F|ao /ɑo̯/]] |
| |- | | |- |
| |} | | |} |
Line 88: |
Line 88: |
| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" align="left" |[[Nasal]] | | ! colspan="2" align="left" |[[Nasal]] |
− | |align="center"|m /m/ | + | |align="center"|[[Nasal#m .2Fm.2F|m /m/]] |
− | |align="center"|n /n/ | + | |align="center"|[[Nasal#m .2Fm.2F|n /n/]] |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
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| ! rowspan="3" |[[Stop]] | | ! rowspan="3" |[[Stop]] |
| !Unaspirated | | !Unaspirated |
− | |b /p/ | + | |[[Stop#b .2Fp.2F|b /p/]] |
− | |d /t/ | + | |[[Stop#d .2Ft.2F|d /t/]] |
− | |dl /tɬ/ | + | |[[Stop#dl .2Ft.C9.AC.2F|dl /tɬ/]] |
− | |dz /ʦ/ | + | |[[Stop#dz .2F.CA.A6.2F|dz /ʦ/]] |
− | |j /ʧ/ | + | |[[Stop#j .2F.CA.A7.2F|j /ʧ/]] |
− | |g /k/ | + | |[[Stop#g .2Fk.2F|g /k/]] |
| | | | | |
− | |ʼ /ʔ/ | + | |[[Stop#.CA.BC .2F.CA.94.2F|ʼ /ʔ/]] |
| |- | | |- |
| !Aspirated | | !Aspirated |
| | | | | |
− | |t /tˣ/ | + | |[[Stop#t .2Ft.CB.A3.2F|t /tˣ/]] |
− | |tł /tɬʰ/ | + | |[[Stop#t.C5.82 .2Ft.C9.AC.CA.B0.2F|tł /tɬʰ/]] |
− | |ts /ʦʰ/ | + | |[[Stop#ts .2F.CA.A6.CA.B0.2F|ts /ʦʰ/]] |
− | |ch /ʧʰ/ | + | |[[Stop#ch .2F.CA.A7.CA.B0.2F|ch /ʧʰ/]] |
− | |k /kˣ/ | + | |[[Stop#k .2Fk.CB.A3.2F|k /kˣ/]] |
− | |kw /kʷˣ/ | + | |[[Stop#kw .2Fk.CA.B7.CB.A3.2F|kw /kʷˣ/]] |
| | | | | |
| |- | | |- |
| !Ejective | | !Ejective |
| | | | | |
− | |tʼ /tʼ/ | + | |[[Stop#t.CA.BC .2Ft.CA.BC.2F|tʼ /tʼ/]] |
− | |tłʼ /tɬʼ/ | + | |[[Stop#t.C5.82.CA.BC .2Ft.C9.AC.CA.BC.2F|tłʼ /tɬʼ/]] |
− | |tsʼ /ʦʼ/ | + | |[[Stop#ts.CA.BC .2F.CA.A6.CA.BC.2F|tsʼ /ʦʼ/]] |
− | |chʼ /ʧʼ/ | + | |[[Stop#ch .2F.CA.A7.CA.B0.2F|chʼ /ʧʼ/]] |
− | |kʼ /kʼ/ | + | |[[Stop#k.CA.BC .2Fk.CA.BC.2F|kʼ /kʼ/]] |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
Line 130: |
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| !Voiceless | | !Voiceless |
| | align="center" | | | | align="center" | |
− | |s /s/ | + | |[[Fricative#s .2Fs.2F|s /s/]] |
− | |ł /ɬ/ | + | |[[Fricative#.C5.82 .2F.C9.AC.2F|ł /ɬ/]] |
| | align="center" | | | | align="center" | |
− | | align="center" |sh /ʃ/ | + | | align="center" |[[Fricative#sh .2F.CA.83.2F|sh /ʃ/]] |
− | | align="center" |h, x /x/ | + | | align="center" |[[Fricative#h.2C x .2Fx.2F|h, x /x/]] |
− | |hw /xʷ/ | + | |[[Fricative#hw .2Fx.CA.B7.2F|hw /xʷ/]] |
| | align="center" | | | | align="center" | |
| |- | | |- |
| !Voiced | | !Voiced |
| | | | | |
− | |z /z/ | + | |[[Fricative#z .2Fz.2F|z /z/]] |
− | | rowspan="2" |l /l/ | + | | rowspan="2" |[[Approximant#l .2F.C9.AE.7El.2F|l /ɮ~l/]] |
| | | | | |
− | |zh /ʒ/ | + | |[[Fricative#zh .2F.CA.92.2F|zh /ʒ/]] |
− | | rowspan="2" |gh /ɣ/ | + | | rowspan="2" |[[Approximant#gh .2F.C9.A3.2F|gh /ɣ/]] |
− | | rowspan="2" |w /ɣʷ/ | + | | rowspan="2" |[[Approximant#w .2F.C9.A3.CA.B7.7Ew.2F|w /ɣʷ~w/]] |
| | | | | |
| |- | | |- |
Line 152: |
Line 152: |
| | | | | |
| | align="center" | | | | align="center" | |
− | | align="center" |y /j/ | + | | align="center" |[[Approximant#y .2Fj.2F|y /j/]] |
| | | | | |
| |- | | |- |
Line 158: |
Line 158: |
| | | |
| ==See Also== | | ==See Also== |
| + | Return to: [[Main Page]], [[Íiyisíí Naaltsoos]] |
| | | |
| ==External Links== | | ==External Links== |
− | *http://www.sas.rochester.edu/lin/DeneSpeechAtlas/ | + | *[http://www.sas.rochester.edu/lin/DeneSpeechAtlas/ Dene Speech Atlas | Joyce McDonough (rochester.edu)] |
| + | *[[wikipedia:Navajo_phonology|Navajo phonology - Wikipedia]] |
| + | *[http://emeld.org/school/case/navajo/phonology.html E-MELD School of Best Practice: Navajo Phonology (emeld.org)] |
| + | *[https://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/tfernal1/nla/grammar/Chapter%20%202%20%20The%20Sounds.pdf Navajo Grammar, Chapter 2: The Sounds (swarthmore.edu)] |
| * | | * |
| | | |
| ==References== | | ==References== |
| | | |
− | - Dene Speech Atlas | + | McDonough, Joyce Mary. 2003. ''The Navajo Sound System''. Boston: Springer Science & Business Media. (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-010-0207-3) |
| + | |
| + | McDonough, Joyce. 2014. Dene Speech Atlas. ''University of Rochester, Department of Linguistics''. (http://www.sas.rochester.edu/lin/DeneSpeechAtlas/) |
| | | |
| [[Category: Phonology]] | | [[Category: Phonology]] |
| [[Category: Phonetics]] | | [[Category: Phonetics]] |