Changes

2,481 bytes added , 2 years ago

tʼ

Added link to Íiyisíí Naaltsoos

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==Vowels==

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===Monophthongs===

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===[[Monophthongs]]===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border="1" cellpadding="3"

! rowspan=2 |

−

! colspan="4" |Front

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! colspan="4" |[[Monophthongs#Front|Front]]

−

! colspan="4" |Back

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! colspan="4" |[[Monophthongs#Back|Back]]

|-

! colspan="2" |Oral

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|-

!align="left"|High

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|i /i/

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|[[Monophthongs#i .2F.C9.AA.2F|i /i/]]

−

|ii /iː/

+

|[[Monophthongs#ii .2Fi.CB.90.2F|ii /iː/]]

−

|į /ɪ̃/

+

|[[Monophthongs#.C4.AF .2F.C9.AA.CC.83.2F|į /ɪ̃/]]

−

|įį /ĩː/

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|[[Monophthongs#.C4.AF .2F.C4.A9.CB.90.2F|įį /ĩː/]]

| align="center" |

|

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|-

! align="left" |Mid

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|e /e/

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|[[Monophthongs#e .2Fe.2F|e /e/]]

−

|e /eː/

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|[[Monophthongs#e .2Fe.CB.90.2F|e /eː/]]

−

|ę /ẽ/

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|[[Monophthongs#.C4.99 .2F.E1.BA.BD.2F|ę /ẽ/]]

−

|ęę /ẽː/

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|[[Monophthongs#.C4.99.C4.99 .2F.E1.BA.BD.CB.90.2F|ęę /ẽː/]]

−

|o /o/

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|[[Monophthongs#o .2Fo.2F|o /o/]]

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|oo /oː/

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|[[Monophthongs#oo .2Fo.CB.90.2F|oo /oː/]]

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| align="center" |ǫ /õ/

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| align="center" |[[Monophthongs#.C7.AB .2F.C3.B5.2F|ǫ /õ/]]

−

|ǫǫ /õː/

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|[[Monophthongs#.C7.AB.C7.AB .2F.C3.B5.CB.90.2F|ǫǫ /õː/]]

|-

! align="left" |Low

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|

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|a /ɑ/

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|[[Monophthongs#a .2F.C9.91.2F|a /ɑ/]]

−

|aa /ɑː/

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|[[Monophthongs#aa .2F.C9.91.CB.90.2F|aa /ɑː/]]

−

|ą /ɑ̃/

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|[[Monophthongs#.C4.85 .2F.C9.91.CC.83.2F|ą /ɑ̃/]]

−

|ąą /ɑ̃ː/

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|[[Monophthongs#.C4.85.C4.85 .2F.C9.91.CC.83.CB.90.2F|ąą /ɑ̃ː/]]

|-

|}

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~~Subtitle~~

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===[[Diphthongs]]===

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===Diphthongs===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border=" cellpadding="3" 1"

! rowspan="2" |

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!Front

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![[Diphthongs#Front|Front]]

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! colspan="2" |Back

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! colspan="2" |[[Diphthongs#Back|Back]]

|-

!Vɪ̯

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! align="left" |High

|

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| rowspan="2" align="center" |oi /ʊɪ̯/

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| rowspan="2" align="center" |[[Diphthongs#oi .2F.CA.8A.C9.AA.CC.AF.2F|oi /ʊɪ̯/]]

| align="center" |

|-

! align="left" |Mid

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|ei /eɪ̯/

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|[[Diphthongs#ei .2Fe.C9.AA.CC.AF.2F|ei /eɪ̯/]]

| align="center" |

|-

! align="left" |Low

|

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|ai /ɑɪ̯/

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|[[Diphthongs#ai .2F.C9.91.C9.AA.CC.AF.2F|ai /ɑɪ̯/]]

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|ao /ɑo̯/

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|[[Diphthongs#ao .2F.C9.91o.CC.AF.2F|ao /ɑo̯/]]

|-

|}

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~~Subtitle.~~

==Consonants==

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!Labialized

|-

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! colspan="2" align="left" |Nasal

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! colspan="2" align="left" |[[Nasal]]

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|align="center"|m /m/

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|align="center"|[[Nasal#m .2Fm.2F|m /m/]]

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|align="center"|n /n/

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|align="center"|[[Nasal#m .2Fm.2F|n /n/]]

|

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|

|-

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! rowspan="3" |Stop

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! rowspan="3" |[[Stop]]

!Unaspirated

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|b /p/

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|[[Stop#b .2Fp.2F|b /p/]]

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|d /t/

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|[[Stop#d .2Ft.2F|d /t/]]

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|dl /tɬ/

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|[[Stop#dl .2Ft.C9.AC.2F|dl /tɬ/]]

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|dz /ʦ/

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|[[Stop#dz .2F.CA.A6.2F|dz /ʦ/]]

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|j /ʧ/

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|[[Stop#j .2F.CA.A7.2F|j /ʧ/]]

−

|g /k/

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|[[Stop#g .2Fk.2F|g /k/]]

|

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|ʼ /ʔ/

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|[[Stop#.CA.BC .2F.CA.94.2F|ʼ /ʔ/]]

|-

!Aspirated

|

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|t /tˣ/

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|[[Stop#t .2Ft.CB.A3.2F|t /tˣ/]]

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|tł /tɬʰ/

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|[[Stop#t.C5.82 .2Ft.C9.AC.CA.B0.2F|tł /tɬʰ/]]

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|ts /ʦʰ/

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|[[Stop#ts .2F.CA.A6.CA.B0.2F|ts /ʦʰ/]]

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|ch /ʧʰ/

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|[[Stop#ch .2F.CA.A7.CA.B0.2F|ch /ʧʰ/]]

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|k /kˣ/

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|[[Stop#k .2Fk.CB.A3.2F|k /kˣ/]]

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|kw /kʷˣ/

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|[[Stop#kw .2Fk.CA.B7.CB.A3.2F|kw /kʷˣ/]]

|

|-

!Ejective

|

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|tʼ /tʼ/

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|[[Stop#t.CA.BC .2Ft.CA.BC.2F|tʼ /tʼ/]]

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|tłʼ /tɬʼ/

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|[[Stop#t.C5.82.CA.BC .2Ft.C9.AC.CA.BC.2F|tłʼ /tɬʼ/]]

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|tsʼ /ʦʼ/

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|[[Stop#ts.CA.BC .2F.CA.A6.CA.BC.2F|tsʼ /ʦʼ/]]

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|chʼ /ʧʼ/

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|[[Stop#ch .2F.CA.A7.CA.B0.2F|chʼ /ʧʼ/]]

−

|kʼ /kʼ/

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|[[Stop#k.CA.BC .2Fk.CA.BC.2F|kʼ /kʼ/]]

|

|-

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! rowspan="2" align="left" |Fricative

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! rowspan="2" align="left" |[[Fricative]]

!Voiceless

| align="center" |

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|s /s/

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|[[Fricative#s .2Fs.2F|s /s/]]

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|ł /ɬ/

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|[[Fricative#.C5.82 .2F.C9.AC.2F|ł /ɬ/]]

| align="center" |

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| align="center" |sh /ʃ/

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| align="center" |[[Fricative#sh .2F.CA.83.2F|sh /ʃ/]]

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| align="center" |h, x /x/

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| align="center" |[[Fricative#h.2C x .2Fx.2F|h, x /x/]]

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|hw /xʷ/

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|[[Fricative#hw .2Fx.CA.B7.2F|hw /xʷ/]]

| align="center" |

|-

!Voiced

|

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|z /z/

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|[[Fricative#z .2Fz.2F|z /z/]]

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| rowspan="2" |l /l/

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| rowspan="2" |[[Approximant#l .2F.C9.AE.7El.2F|l /ɮ~l/]]

|

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|zh /ʒ/

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|[[Fricative#zh .2F.CA.92.2F|zh /ʒ/]]

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| rowspan="2" |gh /ɣ/

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| rowspan="2" |[[Approximant#gh .2F.C9.A3.2F|gh /ɣ/]]

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| rowspan="2" |w /ɣʷ/

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| rowspan="2" |[[Approximant#w .2F.C9.A3.CA.B7.7Ew.2F|w /ɣʷ~w/]]

|

|-

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! colspan="2" align="left" |Approximant

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! colspan="2" align="left" |[[Approximant]]

|

| align="center" |

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| align="center" |y /j/

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| align="center" |[[Approximant#y .2Fj.2F|y /j/]]

|

|-

|}

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~~Subtitle.~~

==See Also==

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Return to: [[Main Page]], [[Íiyisíí Naaltsoos]]

==External Links==

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*http://www.sas.rochester.edu/lin/DeneSpeechAtlas/

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*[http://www.sas.rochester.edu/lin/DeneSpeechAtlas/ Dene Speech Atlas | Joyce McDonough (rochester.edu)]

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*[[wikipedia:Navajo_phonology|Navajo phonology - Wikipedia]]

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*[http://emeld.org/school/case/navajo/phonology.html E-MELD School of Best Practice: Navajo Phonology (emeld.org)]

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*[https://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/tfernal1/nla/grammar/Chapter%20%202%20%20The%20Sounds.pdf Navajo Grammar, Chapter 2: The Sounds (swarthmore.edu)]

*

==References==

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- Dene Speech Atlas

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McDonough, Joyce Mary. 2003. ''The Navajo Sound System''. Boston: Springer Science & Business Media. (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-010-0207-3)

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McDonough, Joyce. 2014. Dene Speech Atlas. ''University of Rochester, Department of Linguistics''. (http://www.sas.rochester.edu/lin/DeneSpeechAtlas/)

[[Category: Phonology]]

[[Category: Phonetics]]

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Changes

Sounds of Navajo (XML yishʼį́ nisin)

06:34, 15 Tʼą́ą́chil 2022 yę́ędą́ą́ʼ

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