Changes

2,815 bytes added , 2 years ago

tʼ

Added link to Íiyisíí Naaltsoos

Line 1: Line 1: −

Here is an introduction to the sound system of Navajo.

+

Here is an introduction to the phonemic sound system of Navajo, in the Navajo orthography and International Phonetic Alphabet (in backslashes).

==Vowels==

−

===~~Inventory (~~Monophthongs)===

+

===[[Monophthongs]]===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border="1" cellpadding="3"

! rowspan=2 |

−

! colspan="4" |Front

+

! colspan="4" |[[Monophthongs#Front|Front]]

−

! colspan="4" |Back

+

! colspan="4" |[[Monophthongs#Back|Back]]

|-

! colspan="2" |Oral

Line 14: Line 14:

|-

!align="left"|High

−

|ɪ

+

|[[Monophthongs#i .2F.C9.AA.2F|i /i/]]

−

|iː

+

|[[Monophthongs#ii .2Fi.CB.90.2F|ii /iː/]]

−

|ɪ̃

+

|[[Monophthongs#.C4.AF .2F.C9.AA.CC.83.2F|į /ɪ̃/]]

−

|ĩː

+

|[[Monophthongs#.C4.AF .2F.C4.A9.CB.90.2F|įį /ĩː/]]

| align="center" |

|

Line 24: Line 24:

|-

! align="left" |Mid

−

|e

+

|[[Monophthongs#e .2Fe.2F|e /e/]]

−

|eː

+

|[[Monophthongs#e .2Fe.CB.90.2F|e /eː/]]

−

|ẽ

+

|[[Monophthongs#.C4.99 .2F.E1.BA.BD.2F|ę /ẽ/]]

−

|ẽː

+

|[[Monophthongs#.C4.99.C4.99 .2F.E1.BA.BD.CB.90.2F|ęę /ẽː/]]

−

|o

+

|[[Monophthongs#o .2Fo.2F|o /o/]]

−

|oː

+

|[[Monophthongs#oo .2Fo.CB.90.2F|oo /oː/]]

−

| align="center" |õ

+

| align="center" |[[Monophthongs#.C7.AB .2F.C3.B5.2F|ǫ /õ/]]

−

|õː

+

|[[Monophthongs#.C7.AB.C7.AB .2F.C3.B5.CB.90.2F|ǫǫ /õː/]]

|-

! align="left" |Low

Line 38: Line 38:

|

−

|ɑ

+

|[[Monophthongs#a .2F.C9.91.2F|a /ɑ/]]

−

|ɑː

+

|[[Monophthongs#aa .2F.C9.91.CB.90.2F|aa /ɑː/]]

−

|ɑ̃

+

|[[Monophthongs#.C4.85 .2F.C9.91.CC.83.2F|ą /ɑ̃/]]

−

|ɑ̃ː

+

|[[Monophthongs#.C4.85.C4.85 .2F.C9.91.CC.83.CB.90.2F|ąą /ɑ̃ː/]]

|-

|}

−

~~Subtitle~~

+

===[[Diphthongs]]===

−

===Diphthongs===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border=" cellpadding="3" 1"

! rowspan="2" |

−

!Front

+

![[Diphthongs#Front|Front]]

−

! colspan="2" |Back

+

! colspan="2" |[[Diphthongs#Back|Back]]

|-

!Vɪ̯

Line 59: Line 57:

! align="left" |High

|

−

| rowspan="2" align="center" |~~oɪ̯~~

+

| rowspan="2" align="center" |[[Diphthongs#oi .2F.CA.8A.C9.AA.CC.AF.2F|oi /ʊɪ̯/]]

| align="center" |

|-

! align="left" |Mid

−

|eɪ̯

+

|[[Diphthongs#ei .2Fe.C9.AA.CC.AF.2F|ei /eɪ̯/]]

| align="center" |

|-

! align="left" |Low

|

−

|ɑɪ̯

+

|[[Diphthongs#ai .2F.C9.91.C9.AA.CC.AF.2F|ai /ɑɪ̯/]]

−

|ɑo̯

+

|[[Diphthongs#ao .2F.C9.91o.CC.AF.2F|ao /ɑo̯/]]

|-

|}

−

~~Subtitle.~~

==Consonants==

Line 91: Line 87:

!Labialized

|-

−

! colspan="2" align="left" |Nasal

+

! colspan="2" align="left" |[[Nasal]]

−

|align="center"|m

+

|align="center"|[[Nasal#m .2Fm.2F|m /m/]]

−

|align="center"|n

+

|align="center"|[[Nasal#m .2Fm.2F|n /n/]]

|

Line 100: Line 96:

|

|-

−

! rowspan="3" |Stop

+

! rowspan="3" |[[Stop]]

!Unaspirated

−

|p

+

|[[Stop#b .2Fp.2F|b /p/]]

−

|t

+

|[[Stop#d .2Ft.2F|d /t/]]

−

|tɬ

+

|[[Stop#dl .2Ft.C9.AC.2F|dl /tɬ/]]

−

|ʦ

+

|[[Stop#dz .2F.CA.A6.2F|dz /ʦ/]]

−

|ʧ

+

|[[Stop#j .2F.CA.A7.2F|j /ʧ/]]

−

|k

+

|[[Stop#g .2Fk.2F|g /k/]]

|

−

|ʔ

+

|[[Stop#.CA.BC .2F.CA.94.2F|ʼ /ʔ/]]

|-

!Aspirated

|

−

|tˣ

+

|[[Stop#t .2Ft.CB.A3.2F|t /tˣ/]]

−

|tɬʰ

+

|[[Stop#t.C5.82 .2Ft.C9.AC.CA.B0.2F|tł /tɬʰ/]]

−

|ʦʰ

+

|[[Stop#ts .2F.CA.A6.CA.B0.2F|ts /ʦʰ/]]

−

|ʧʰ

+

|[[Stop#ch .2F.CA.A7.CA.B0.2F|ch /ʧʰ/]]

−

|kˣ

+

|[[Stop#k .2Fk.CB.A3.2F|k /kˣ/]]

−

|kʷˣ

+

|[[Stop#kw .2Fk.CA.B7.CB.A3.2F|kw /kʷˣ/]]

|

|-

!Ejective

|

−

|tʼ

+

|[[Stop#t.CA.BC .2Ft.CA.BC.2F|tʼ /tʼ/]]

−

|~~tɬʰ~~

+

|[[Stop#t.C5.82.CA.BC .2Ft.C9.AC.CA.BC.2F|tłʼ /tɬʼ/]]

−

|ʦʼ

+

|[[Stop#ts.CA.BC .2F.CA.A6.CA.BC.2F|tsʼ /ʦʼ/]]

−

|ʧʼ

+

|[[Stop#ch .2F.CA.A7.CA.B0.2F|chʼ /ʧʼ/]]

−

|kʼ

+

|[[Stop#k.CA.BC .2Fk.CA.BC.2F|kʼ /kʼ/]]

|

|-

−

! rowspan="2" align="left" |Fricative

+

! rowspan="2" align="left" |[[Fricative]]

!Voiceless

| align="center" |

−

|s

+

|[[Fricative#s .2Fs.2F|s /s/]]

−

|ɬ

+

|[[Fricative#.C5.82 .2F.C9.AC.2F|ł /ɬ/]]

| align="center" |

−

| align="center" |ʃ

+

| align="center" |[[Fricative#sh .2F.CA.83.2F|sh /ʃ/]]

−

| align="center" |x

+

| align="center" |[[Fricative#h.2C x .2Fx.2F|h, x /x/]]

−

|xʷ

+

|[[Fricative#hw .2Fx.CA.B7.2F|hw /xʷ/]]

| align="center" |

|-

!Voiced

|

−

|z

+

|[[Fricative#z .2Fz.2F|z /z/]]

−

| rowspan="2" |l

+

| rowspan="2" |[[Approximant#l .2F.C9.AE.7El.2F|l /ɮ~l/]]

|

−

|ʒ

+

|[[Fricative#zh .2F.CA.92.2F|zh /ʒ/]]

−

| rowspan="2" |ɣ

+

| rowspan="2" |[[Approximant#gh .2F.C9.A3.2F|gh /ɣ/]]

−

| rowspan="2" |ɣʷ

+

| rowspan="2" |[[Approximant#w .2F.C9.A3.CA.B7.7Ew.2F|w /ɣʷ~w/]]

|

|-

−

! colspan="2" align="left" |Approximant

+

! colspan="2" align="left" |[[Approximant]]

|

| align="center" |

−

| align="center" |j

+

| align="center" |[[Approximant#y .2Fj.2F|y /j/]]

|

|-

|}

−

~~Subtitle.~~

==See Also==

+

Return to: [[Main Page]], [[Íiyisíí Naaltsoos]]

==External Links==

−

*http://www.sas.rochester.edu/lin/DeneSpeechAtlas/

+

*[http://www.sas.rochester.edu/lin/DeneSpeechAtlas/ Dene Speech Atlas | Joyce McDonough (rochester.edu)]

+

*[[wikipedia:Navajo_phonology|Navajo phonology - Wikipedia]]

+

*[http://emeld.org/school/case/navajo/phonology.html E-MELD School of Best Practice: Navajo Phonology (emeld.org)]

+

*[https://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/tfernal1/nla/grammar/Chapter%20%202%20%20The%20Sounds.pdf Navajo Grammar, Chapter 2: The Sounds (swarthmore.edu)]

*

==References==

−

- Dene Speech Atlas

+

McDonough, Joyce Mary. 2003. ''The Navajo Sound System''. Boston: Springer Science & Business Media. (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-010-0207-3)

+

McDonough, Joyce. 2014. Dene Speech Atlas. ''University of Rochester, Department of Linguistics''. (http://www.sas.rochester.edu/lin/DeneSpeechAtlas/)

[[Category: Phonology]]

[[Category: Phonetics]]

Maf654321

Bureaucrats, Administratorsígíí

54

edits

Changes

Sounds of Navajo (XML yishʼį́ nisin)

06:34, 15 Tʼą́ą́chil 2022 yę́ędą́ą́ʼ

Navigation menu

hanishtá nisin