Difference between revisions of "Sounds of Navajo"

''Navajo'' bitsʼą́ą́dę́ę́ʼ
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(Navajo edit)
tʼ (Cleaned, added vowels.)
Line 2: Line 2:
  
 
==Vowels==
 
==Vowels==
−
===Inventory===
+
===Inventory (Monophthongs)===
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border="1" cellpadding="3"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border="1" cellpadding="3"
 
! rowspan=2 |
 
! rowspan=2 |
−
! rowspan=2 |Front
+
! colspan="4" |Front
−
! rowspan=2 |Central
+
! colspan="4" |Back
−
! colspan=2 |Back
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!Unrounded
+
! colspan="2" |Oral
−
!Rounded
+
! colspan="2" |Nasal
 +
! colspan="2" |Oral
 +
! colspan="2" |Nasal
 
|-
 
|-
 
!align="left"|High
 
!align="left"|High
−
|align="center"|i, i:, ĩ, ĩ:
+
|ɪ
 +
|iː
 +
|ɪ̃
 +
|ĩː
 +
| align="center" |
 +
|
 +
| align="center" |
 
|
 
|
−
|align="center"|ɯ, ɯ:, ɯ̃, ɯ̃:
 
−
|align="center"|u, u:, ũ, ũ:
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left"|Mid High
+
! align="left" |Mid
−
|align="center"|e, e:
+
|e
−
|
+
|eː
−
|align="center"|ɤ, ɤ:
+
|ẽ
−
|align="center"|o, o:
+
|ẽː
 +
|o
 +
|oː
 +
| align="center" |õ
 +
|õː
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left"|Mid Low
+
! align="left" |Low
−
|align="center"|ɛ, ɛ:, ɛ̃, ɛ̃:
 
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
−
|align="center"|ɔ, ɔ:, ɔ̃, ɔ̃:
 
−
|-
 
−
!align="left"|High
 
 
|
 
|
−
|align="center"|a, a:, ã, ã:
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
|ɑ
 +
|ɑː
 +
|ɑ̃
 +
|ɑ̃ː
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
The nine-way distinction demonstrated above is generally accepted.  However, some scholars (Ladefoged et al. 1998, Gillies 1993) note that the high back unrounded vowel may be merging with [u] and/or [ɤ] in some dialects.
+
Subtitle
  
 
===Diphthongs===
 
===Diphthongs===
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border=" cellpadding="3" 1"
 +
! rowspan="2" |
 +
!Front
 +
! colspan="2" |Back
 +
|-
 +
!Vɪ̯
 +
!Vɪ̯
 +
!Vo̯
 +
|-
 +
! align="left" |High
 +
|
 +
| rowspan="2" align="center" |oɪ̯
 +
| align="center" |
 +
|-
 +
! align="left" |Mid
 +
|eɪ̯
 +
| align="center" |
 +
|-
 +
! align="left" |Low
 +
|
 +
|ɑɪ̯
 +
|ɑo̯
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
−
There are some diphthongs.
+
Subtitle.
−
 
 
−
===Nasality===
 
−
 
 
−
Some vowels are nasal.
 
−
 
 
−
===Length===
 
−
 
 
−
Long vowels are about twice as long as short vowels in the same environment.
 
  
 
==Consonants==
 
==Consonants==
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border="1" cellpadding="3"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; border="1" cellpadding="3"
 
! rowspan=2 |
 
! rowspan=2 |
−
! rowspan=2 |[[Labial (definition)|Labial]]
+
! rowspan=2 |Labial
−
! rowspan=2 |[[Dental (definition)|Dental]]
+
! rowspan=2 |Dental
−
! rowspan=2 |[[Alveolar (definition)|Alveolar]]
+
! rowspan=2 |Alveolar
−
! colspan=2 |[[Palatal (definition)|Palatal]]
+
! colspan=2 |Palatal
−
! rowspan=2 |[[Velarized (definition)|Velarized]]
+
! rowspan=2 |Velarized
−
! rowspan=2 |[[Velar (definition)|Velar]]
+
! rowspan=2 |Velar
−
! rowspan=2 |[[Glottal (definition)|Glottal]]
+
! rowspan=2 |Glottal
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Coronal
 
!Coronal
 
!Dorsal
 
!Dorsal
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left"|[[Stop (definition)|Stop]]
+
!align="left"|Stop
−
|align="center"|pʰ, p
+
|align="center"|
−
|align="center"|t̪ʰ, t̪
+
|align="center"|
 
|
 
|
−
|align="center"|tʲʰ, tʲ
+
|align="center"|
−
|align="center"|kʲʰ, kʲ
+
|align="center"|
−
|align="center"|kʰ, k
+
|align="center"|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left"|[[Nasal (definition)|Nasal]]
+
!align="left"|Nasal
−
|align="center"|m
+
|align="center"|
 
|
 
|
−
|align="center"|n
+
|align="center"|
−
|align="center"|ɲ
+
|align="center"|
 
|
 
|
−
|align="center"|nˠ
+
|align="center"|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left"|[[Fricative (definition)|Fricative]]
+
!align="left"|Fricative
−
|align="center"|f, v
+
|align="center"|
 
|
 
|
−
|align="center"|s
+
|align="center"|
−
|align="center"|ʃ
+
|align="center"|
−
|align="center"|ç, ʝ
+
|align="center"|
−
|align="center"|x, ɣ
+
|align="center"|
 
|
 
|
−
|align=center|h
+
|align=center|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left"|[[Lateral (definition)|Lateral]]
+
!align="left"|Lateral
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|align="center"|l
+
|align="center"|
−
|align="center"|lʲ
+
|align="center"|
 
|
 
|
−
|align="center"|l̪ˠ
+
|align="center"|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left"|[[Rhotic (definition)|Rhotic]]
+
!align="left"|Rhotic
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|align="center"|ɾ
+
|align="center"|
−
|align="center"|ɾʲ
+
|align="center"|
 
|
 
|
−
|align="center"|rˠ
+
|align="center"|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!align="left"|[[Approximant (definition)|Approximant]]
+
!align="left"|Approximant
 +
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
|colspan=2 align="center"|
 
|
 
|
−
|colspan=2 align="center"|j
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
Subtitle.
  
−
===Allophones===
 
−
 
−
===Stops===
 
−
 
−
====Voicing and Aspiration====
 
−
 
−
===Sonorants===
 
−
 
−
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
! rowspan=1 |
 
−
! rowspan=1 |Tense
 
−
! rowspan=1 |Lax
 
−
|-
 
−
!align="left"|Broad
 
−
|align="center"|L
 
−
|align="center"|l
 
−
|-
 
−
!align="left"|Slender
 
−
|align="center"|L'
 
−
|align="center"|l'
 
−
|-
 
−
|}
 
−
 
−
===Consonant distribution===
 
−
 
−
 
 
==See Also==
 
==See Also==
  

15:49, 13 Tʼą́ą́chil 2022 yę́ędą́ą́ʼ

Here is an introduction to the sound system of Navajo.

Vowels

Inventory (Monophthongs)

Front Back
Oral Nasal Oral Nasal
High ɪ iː ɪ̃ ĩː
Mid e eː ẽ ẽː o oː õ õː
Low ɑ ɑː ɑ̃ ɑ̃ː

Subtitle

Diphthongs

Front Back
Vɪ̯ Vɪ̯ Vo̯
High oɪ̯
Mid eɪ̯
Low ɑɪ̯ ɑo̯

Subtitle.

Consonants

Inventory

Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velarized Velar Glottal
Coronal Dorsal
Stop
Nasal
Fricative
Lateral
Rhotic
Approximant

Subtitle.

See Also

External Links

References

- Dene Speech Atlas

"https://navajo.unm.edu/w/index.php?title=Sounds_of_Navajo&oldid=1098" bitsʼą́ą́dę́ę́ʼ